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Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Biren Shah and Avinash Seth: A Review
Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry are two closely related fields of study that deal with the natural sources, chemical constituents, biological activities and therapeutic applications of medicinal plants. A comprehensive textbook that covers both these aspects is essential for students of pharmacy, pharmacology, botany, medicine and other allied sciences.
Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Biren Shah and Avinash Seth is one such book that aims to provide a thorough knowledge of the subject to the readers. The book is divided into 16 chapters, each covering a specific topic in a systematic and logical manner. The chapters are as follows:
Introduction to Pharmacognosy
Classification of Crude Drugs
Organisation of Drugs
Adulteration and Evaluation of Crude Drugs
Phytochemicals
Carbohydrates and Derived Products
Tannins
Volatiles Oils and Oleoresins
Resins and Resin Combinations
Glycosides
Alkaloids
Bitter Principles
Mucilages, Gums and Pectins
Fibres
Alternative Systems of Medicine
Modern Methods in Pharmacognosy
The book is well-written, concise and informative, with clear explanations, diagrams, tables, charts and photographs. The book also includes numerous examples, case studies, review questions, references and further readings to enhance the learning experience. The book covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, with emphasis on the recent advances and applications in the field.
The book is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of pharmacy, pharmacology, botany, medicine and other allied sciences. It is also a valuable resource for researchers, teachers, practitioners and industrialists working in the field of herbal technology.In this section, we will briefly review some of the main topics covered in the book.
Introduction to Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the science that deals with the study of crude drugs obtained from natural sources such as plants, animals and minerals. The term pharmacognosy is derived from two Greek words: pharmakon (drug) and gnosis (knowledge). Pharmacognosy involves the identification, description, extraction, isolation, purification, characterization, standardization, quality control, biological screening and evaluation of natural drugs. Pharmacognosy also encompasses the history, cultivation, collection, storage, commerce and uses of natural drugs.
Classification of Crude Drugs
Crude drugs are the raw materials that are used for the preparation of medicines. They can be classified into various categories based on different criteria such as morphology, taxonomy, chemical nature, pharmacological action and therapeutic use. The book discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each classification system and provides examples of crude drugs belonging to each category.
Organisation of Drugs
The organisation of drugs refers to the arrangement of cells, tissues and organs in a plant or animal that produces or contains a drug. The book explains the basic structure and function of plant and animal cells and tissues and describes the various types of plant and animal organs that are used as crude drugs. The book also covers the factors that affect the organisation of drugs such as genetics, environment, cultivation, harvesting and processing.
Adulteration and Evaluation of Crude Drugs
Adulteration is the intentional or unintentional addition of foreign substances or removal of genuine constituents from a crude drug to increase its weight, volume or potency or to reduce its cost. Adulteration can affect the quality, safety and efficacy of a crude drug and can cause serious health problems to the consumers. Evaluation is the process of determining the identity, purity, quality and quantity of a crude drug by using various methods such as organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic, chemical, physical and biological techniques. The book discusses the common types, causes and effects of adulteration and provides methods for detecting and preventing adulteration. The book also describes the principles, procedures and applications of various methods of evaluation of crude drugs. aa16f39245